In this lecture, Dr. Susan L. Stramer, PhD, MS, presents a comprehensive overview of the evolution, impact, and future directions of nucleic acid testing (NAT) in blood safety. She begins by outlining the historical context of NAT’s introduction in the United States in 1999, initially implemented for HIV and HCV to enhance blood safety by enabling earlier detection of infections compared to serological methods.
Dr. Stramer highlights the significant reduction in transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) due to NAT, with current risks estimated at less than 2 per million units. Over time, NAT has expanded to include detection of other pathogens such as West Nile Virus (WNV), Zika Virus (ZIKV), and Trypanosoma cruzi.
The primary advantage of NAT lies in its ability to detect infectious agents before antibodies become detectable, thereby narrowing the diagnostic window. The lecture also explores the technological evolution of NAT, including methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additional considerations discussed include sample pooling strategies, pool sizes, and other operational aspects that influence the sensitivity and efficiency of NAT in blood screening.
CONTINUING EDUCATION UNITS: 0.5 hours